Parasite Eve[1] is a 1998 action role-playing video game developed and published by Square. The game is a sequel to the novel Parasite Eve written by Hideaki Sena; it is also the first game in the Parasite Eve video game series. The story follows New York City police officer Aya Brea over a six-day span in 1997 as she attempts to stop the Eve, a woman who plans to destroy the human race through spontaneous human combustion. Players explore levels set in areas of New York while utilizing a pausable real-time combat system along with several role-playing game elements.
Parasite Eve was SquareSoft's first M-rated game, and the first major American and Japanese game development collaboration for the company. It was produced by Hironobu Sakaguchi and directed by Takashi Tokita. Music for the title was composed by Yoko Shimomura who was widely acclaimed for her work to create an 'inorganic' and 'emotionless' soundtrack that saw two album releases. Parasite Eve received positive reviews; critics praised the graphics and gameplay, but found the overall game too linear and with little replay potential.
The video game adaptation was part of a resurgence of popularity in Japanese horror sparked by the original book, and was released alongside a film adaptation and two manga comics; one based on the book, the other on the video game. The original title was also followed by two video game sequels: Parasite Eve II in 1999 and The 3rd Birthday in 2010, and was re-released on the PlayStation Network in 2010.
Gameplay[edit]
Parasite Eve is an action role-playing video game[2] with survival horror elements.[3] Movement in the 'world map' (which is a map of Manhattan) is limited to specific destinations.[4] Upon the player walking over a 'hot spot', there's a chance of a random encounter.[5][6] Enemies materialize and attack players on the same screen that they move Aya around on, with no battle mode or screen being used.[7] In battle, the game uses a pausable real-time combat system with an Active Time Bar (ATB) that sets the time that must be waited till the player can take their next action.[8][9] While waiting for her turn, the player character Aya can be moved around to dodge enemy attacks.[7] Upon each turn, the player may choose between attacking with their equipped weapon by pressing the attack button, using PE (Parasite Energy) for defense, assistance, or attack, using items, changing weapon or armor, or escaping the battle.[4][7][10] If the player chooses to attack, the battle briefly pauses and a dome/sphere symbolizing the range of the weapon appears, allowing the player to target an enemy within range.[8][11] Parasite Energy recharges during battle but the more players use it, the slower it refills.[12]
When not in battle, the player has the option of altering the weapon and armor attributes and effects with tools and super-tools, which are limited in number.[2] The player selects the 'tune-up' option, choosing the weapon that will be altered and the weapon from which the attributes or effect will be taken.[7] Weapons have many different properties, including special effects like 'acid', which causes enemies to continuously take damage.[12] One of the principal RPG elements of the game is that experience-based levels are present.[4] Each time the player's level increases, his/her attributes go up and BP (Bonus Points) are given.[5] These points can be distributed to the ATB, item capacity, or attributes of a weapon or armor.[5]
Once the game is completed, a new game plus mode is available called 'EX game'.[4] It is different from the normal game in various aspects; the player has access to every item stored in the police station, the game begins with the final weapon and armor the player chose before ending the first game but returns to level one experience, and the bonus points (BP) given to the player at the end of the game are now available to use.[6][13][14] The items, weapons, power-ups and enemies are more powerful, as are the enemies the player encounters.[14] However, the biggest difference from the normal game is the addition of the Chrysler Building, a brand new location with 77 floors (containing mostly randomized content), leading to a final boss battle with Aya's older sister, Maya.[5]
Plot[edit]
Critics highlighted the shocking opening scene where the entire opera audience spontaneously combusts.[15]
The story begins with Aya Brea, an NYPD rookie, attending an opera at Carnegie Hall with a blind date in New York City on Christmas Eve 1997. During the opera, everyone in the building spontaneously combusts, except for Aya, and an actress on stage named Melissa Pearce. Aya confronts Melissa onstage, and Melissa says that Ayaâs mitochondria need more time to develop. She flees backstage, with Aya giving chase. Backstage, Melissa then mutates into a beast and flees into the sewers, declaring that her name is now Eve.[16]
The next day, on Christmas, Aya and her partner, Daniel Dollis, go to see a scientist at the Museum of Natural History named Dr. Hans Klamp. He teaches the protagonists about mitochondria, but they do not find his information useful since it does not explain the previous night's events. Later that day, they hear that Eve is in Central Park, and to make matters worse, an audience has gathered at the park's theater intending to see a performance that Melissa Pearce was to give. Aya enters Central Park alone as Daniel is unable to pass through the entrance without spontaneously combusting. She makes it to the theater, but is too late to stop Eve, who causes the theater audience's mitochondria to rebel against their hosts and turns the crowd into a slimy orange mass. Aya chases after Eve and is knocked unconscious after a fight with her aboard a horse-drawn carriage. Daniel discovers that his son, Ben, was at the park, but had left the audience at the Central Park theater when he began to feel ill and when his mother began to act strange. He also learns that Manhattan is being evacuated due to the threat that Eve poses.
While Manhattan is being evacuated, a Japanese scientist named Kunihiko Maeda manages to sneak into the city, witnessing a police officer combust into flames in the process. Aya awakens in an apartment in SoHo, with Daniel and Maeda at her side. Maeda reveals the origins of Eve: A scientist tried to culture the cells of his wife after she was involved in a car accident, and the mitochondria in her cells took over her body. Maeda believes that Eve may be trying to give birth to an âUltimate Beingâ. The next day, the three go to see Dr. Klamp again. After examining cell samples from that of Eve and Aya's, Maeda concludes that based on selfish gene theory, Aya and Eve's mitochondria are in an evolutionary race for survival. Dr. Klamp suddenly appears and asks a few questions of Aya in a hostile manner. The three leave and head for the St. Francis Hospital, where Maeda thinks Eve may try to get sperm for the Ultimate Being.[17] When they arrive, they find that Eve is already there. Eve takes the sperm and escapes.
The next day, Aya sees the orange mass of people from the park enter the city water supply. She goes to Dr. Klamp one more time, and discovers that Dr. Klamp has engineered special sperm for Eve so that she can create the Ultimate Being.[18] He then spontaneously combusts. Aya finds Eve in another part of the museum, where the orange mass has surrounded her, forming an impermeable shield to protect her while the Ultimate Being gestates within her. After several failed attempts to attack Eve, the military asks Aya to attack her from a chopper, as she is the only one who can get close without combusting. The plan works, but Aya has to personally finish the fight on a now-wrecked Statue of Liberty, where Eve finally succumbs to necrosis due to her unstable cells. As Aya rests on a naval vessel, the Ultimate Being is born and attacks the surrounding ships. Aya does battle with the Ultimate Being, but its mitochondria causes it to evolve at an alarming rate. Aya sets the vessel's boiler pressure dangerously high, so as to destroy it with the Ultimate Being on board. In the initial ending, Aya, Daniel, and Maeda attend the opera at Carnegie Hall, where Aya's mitochondrial powers allow her to resonate with the audience members, their eyes ominously glowing.
After completing the game once, the player can access the Chrysler Building and have access to the true final boss, who takes the form of Aya's sister, Maya. She explains to Aya that Klamp cultivated the liver cells of the original Eve to analyze. When Melissa was giving birth to the Ultimate Being, she created a nest there. In case Melissa and the Ultimate Being failed, the purebred would remain. Aya speaks with her sister, and they engage in battle against the purebred. After the purebred is defeated, the mitochondria inside Aya's body begin to rebel against her. It is explained that Aya's mitochondria have now reached a higher evolutionary stage than Mayaâs, but Maya's personality has suddenly become dominant and begun to fight off the Eve persona. Maya eventually wins, purging the Eve persona from herself. Somehow, Maya protects Aya by preventing the original Eve from taking over her. Aya leaves the building by herself, although she apparently has gained some sort of connection with her dead sister.
Development[edit]
The video game Parasite Eve is based on the acclaimed Japanese novel Parasite Eve released in 1995. Plot-wise, the video game serves as a sequel to the book, referencing various events therein while also stating that Mariko Anzai, the girl whom Eve had chosen to become her host in the novel, is Aya's biological mother.[19] The game was produced by Hironobu Sakaguchi and directed by Takashi Tokita of Square. During development of the game, Square decided to use New York City as the setting after having been previously considered for use in Final Fantasy VII.[20] The game is notable for being Square's first game to be rated Mature by the ESRB. In contrast to previous Square titles, the development team for Parasite Eve consisted of both Japanese and American staff members, with a large part of the production taking place in the United States.[21] Different concepts for the games opening were considered, including different designs for Aya and Melissa transforming into Eve on stage during the opera.[22] Book author Hideaki Sena did not know the title's plot until it was completed, since the game was a collaboration between Square and his publisher.[23]
Aya Brea was created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and designed by Tetsuya Nomura. Aya was originally being designed by someone else, but the original sketches did not satisfy Sakaguchi, who had wanted a long-haired character like Aerith Gainsborough, a central character from Final Fantasy VII. At the time, he was creating another unspecified character for a different project who sported short hair: he got confused while designing them and accidentally combined the two designs, creating the then-current Aya. The original concept for her was to have her as strong, sexy and 'bewitching'.[24]
Release[edit]
Parasite Eve was released on March 29, 1998 in Japan for the Sony PlayStation.[25] Television ads featuring the full motion video present in the game were aired in the United States in the run up to the games 1998 release.[6] In a shipping mixup, over two hundred copies of the game were shipped to Best Buy retailers a week before the official release.[26] The game was released in North America on September 9, 1998.
The game has sold over 1.9 million copies as of February 2004, with 1.05 million sold in Japan and 0.89 million sold in North America.[27] In Japan, it was the number 6 top-selling game of 1998 with 994,000 copies sold.[28][29] The game was re-released in North America under Sony's Greatest Hits label.[30]
Before The 3rd Birthday's release in 2010, both Yoshinori Kitase and Tetsuya Nomura discussed the re-release of Parasite Eve and Parasite Eve II.[31] The release was being held up partly due to the series rights being co-owned with Hideaki Sena.[31] The game was later released in both Japan and North America on the PlayStation Network in 2010 and 2011 respectively.[32][33] In 2018, the game was included in the Japanese lineup of the PlayStation Classic.[34]
Music[edit]
Yoko Shimomura composed the game's soundtrack including the main theme, 'Primal Eyes'. The ending vocal song, 'Somnia Memorias', is performed by Shani Rigsbee. The score met with great critical acclaim, using influences from both opera and electronica. Shimomura stated that she tried to compose 'inorganic' music for the game, what she described as 'something unique' for the game.[35] A separate Parasite Eve Remixes album was also released, containing 10 tracks remixed from the original game by various artists. The idea for the work came from a simple suggestion to Shimomura that the game's music be remixed rather than rearranged.[35] 'Somnia Memorias' was also included on the Square Vocal Collection in 2001.[36]
A 2007 photograph of Yoko Shimomura, composer for Parasite Eve and later The 3rd Birthday.[37][38]
Yoko Shimomura would later become a well-established video game composer through her work on the Kingdom Hearts series.[38] Additional arrangements were done by Shigeo Tamaru.[39] Despite her previous work as lead composer on Super Mario RPG, Parasite Eve became her breakout project and garnered her international fame. During her work on Parasite Eve, Shimomura spent time in America, which was where much of the game's staff came from. Because of this, Shimomura remembered the game as her most challenging project.[21] She wanted the music to be experimental, not falling into ambient or techno classifications.[21][40] One of her main goals was to create something 'inorganic' and recognizable as a product of Square.[41] Until Parasite Eve, Shimomura had written music in a straightforward manner that reflected her then-current state of mind, but this time she restrained herself and took a more 'emotionless' approach. She felt that this would best represent the game's atmosphere and Aya's stoic attitude. Ultimately, she felt that Parasite Eve was an experimental work in many ways.[42] Due to its prevalence in the story, Shimomura used opera music, but as typical opera music did not translate well into battle themes, Shimomura added different rhythms: these rhythms were inspired when some of the game's American staff took her to a nightclub and she heard the background music there.[21] The music recording took place at the Andora Studios in Los Angeles.[43]
Parasite Eve was the first of her projects to include a vocal theme, the ending theme 'Somnia Memorias'. This was because the PlayStation system was the first to have sufficient processing power for this to be possible. For the vocalist, Shimomura avoided using someone well known.[38] 'Somnia Memorias' was sung by Shani Rigsbee, while the vocals for the orchestrated versions of 'Influence of Deep' and 'Se il Mio Amore Sta Vincino' were provided by Judith Siirila. 'Somnia Memorias' was translated and adapted from Japanese into Latin by Raul Ferrando, while 'Se il Mio Amore Sta Vincino' was translated by Daniella Spagnolo. The lyrics for all vocal pieces were written by Shimomura. The track 'I Hear a Voice Asking Me to Awaken' was an arrangement of Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140 by Johann Sebastian Bach.[43]
The two-disc album Parasite Eve Original Soundtrack was released through DigiCube on May 21, 1998 under the catalog number SSCX-10020.[44] Later, due to popular demand from fans, a reprint was issued through the Square Enix label on January 26, 2011 under the catalog number SQEX-10222/3.[45][46] The music received generally positive reviews from music critics, and helped establish Shimomura as a popular composer with western video game fans.[21][46][47]
Parasite Eve Remixes is a ten-track album, featuring remixed versions of themes from Parasite Eve. The remixes were done by Shimomura, Tamaru, Hidenori Iwasaki and Keichi Takahashi. Multiple DJs also contributed, including Tomo, QUADRA, Dan K, Tribal Masters, Kay Nakayama, and Dummy Run.[48] According to Shimomura, the album came about when someone suggested to her creating full remixes of themes rather than making simple rearrangements. Shimomura was in charge of extending and remixing 'Aya's Theme', which was the main theme for Parasite Eve.[41] The album was released through DigiCube on July 30, 1998 under the catalog number SSCX-10023.[48] Reviews of the album were mixed, with critics saying that it would not appeal to many and finding some of the remixes odd, repetitive or overly chaotic.[49][50]
Reception[edit]
Parasite Eve received 'generally favorable' reviews, according to review aggregatorMetacritic.[51]IGN praised the game for its beautiful graphics and cinematic sequences, as well as its mature tone, but noted, along with other reviewers, the game's linear plot structure.[4][9]Game Informer cited the games 'exquisite' backdrops but bemoaned its long load times each time players enter a new environment or engage an enemy.[7]GameSpot said the game had a cinematic look, and had an 'astounding' level of detail for real life locations in New York City.[12] The lack of any voice acting or singing, however, hindered dramatic scenes such as the opera and subsequent mass combustion of the entire audience at the game's start.[4][12]
The game was sometimes compared to the Resident Evil series, though GamePro said that Parasite Eve had deeper gameplay with multiple weapon upgrades and hidden areas to discover.[9][10][12] Reviewers also cited that though the game broke many RPG gaming conventions, it suffered from having little replay value and being a relatively short game.[9][10] The combat was compared unfavorably to Final Fantasy VII by Game Revolution, which featured a dynamic camera instead of fixed one.[4] The novel's original author Hideaki Sena approved of the game, stating that he was 'actually impressed how well the game makers translated the novel.'[59]
In 2000, the game was ranked number 16 by the readers of Famitsu magazine in its top 100 PlayStation games of all time.[60] In 2010, GamesRadar chose it as one of the 'Top 7.. '90s games that need HD remakes'.[61] In February 2011, Parasite Eve was announced to arrive on the North American PlayStation Network. It was released on March 15, 2011.[62]
Legacy[edit]
The Parasite Eve video game that was inspired by the original book was popular in Japan, and was a part of the 'J-horror' phenomena along with other fiction such as The Ring, and lead to two video game sequels and a manga adaptation based upon the video game universe called Parasite Eve DIVA.[23][63]
See also[edit]Footnotes[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]Parasite Game Online
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parasite_Eve_(video_game)&oldid=899296494'
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Parasite Eve II (ãã©ãµã¤ãã»ã¤ã´2Parasaito Ibu TsÅ«) is an action role-playingsurvival horrorvideo game released for the PlayStation. The game was developed by Square and published in Japan in 1999 and in both North America and, unlike the previous game, in PAL regions in 2000. It is the sequel to Parasite Eve and the second game in the series of the same name.
Parasite Eve II is set several years after the events in the original game. The protagonist from the first game, Aya Brea, also features in this game as the playable character. She becomes involved with another outbreak of Neo-Mitochondrial creatures. Gameplay diverges from the previous game: battles take place in real time and the area of action is less restrictive. The approach is more typical of traditional survival horror games, although some role-playing elements are retained. The title was written and directed by Kenichi Iwao, who wrote Resident Evil (1996).
The game was well received by critics, although it was criticized for using a control system that was seen as being outdated.
Gameplay[edit]
Parasite Eve II is an action role-playing survival horror video game. Character control is accomplished in a traditional survival horror manner: Aya is able to move forwards, backwards, and pivot left and right. Camera movement is limited, generally being confined to a single view of a room or area, and cannot be altered by the player.
Unlike Parasite Eve, there is no Active Time Bar that governs the order of actions during a battle. Battles take place in real time, so the player is free to act as they see fit. Another contrast is the absence of the 'range dome' seen in the first game, allowing the player to shoot at off-screen targets and engage targets from a safe distance. There are also no random battles; enemies will be found wandering in plain view, hence allowing the player to avoid confrontations and plan strategies. Aiming, as with most other games of this genre, is accomplished by cycling through the various 'lockable' targets within Aya's range.
Equipment can be obtained through various methods, including finding, purchasing and 'creating' items such as body armor, weapons, ammunition and tools. Unlike most other survival horror games, ammunition is almost never in short supply. While Aya can only carry limited amounts of equipment with her, inexhaustible ammunition boxes exist in most areas and can be revisited as often as required for a top-up. This encourages the player to fight rather than run, which is essential to the gameplay as it is the only way to gain experience and thus for Aya to become powerful enough to succeed. While equipment follows the original game's concept of being customizable, in general the weapons and armor are quite limited in the alterations available. Armor, which not only reduces damage but also affects the amount Aya can carry, has the option of adding extra item slots up to a limit of ten. The Parasite Energies are divided into four areas: the offensive Fire and Wind elements and the defensive Water and Earth elements.
Once the game has been completed, bonus items become available for the player should they choose to redo the game in Replay mode. Other modes also become available, such as Bounty Hunter and Scavenger which are more difficult for the player to complete. The most difficult mode 'Nightmare' only becomes available after completing the game in Scavenger Mode.
Plot[edit]
The game opens to reveal Aya Brea, the protagonist of the original Parasite Eve game, who is now an FBI operative in their Mitochondrial Investigation and Suppression Team (MIST) being dispatched on an urgent mission in central Los Angeles, where there have been reports of NMC sightings. The first chapter in the game puts Aya in the position of investigating the Akropolis tower where she finds a slaughtered SWAT team and an NMC infestation. She soon discovers that the NMCs can take on human form, and eventually encounters a different type of creature; a humanoid Artificial Neo-Mitochondrial Creature (ANMC) called Golem No. 9. She encounters this ANMC three times in the game. Golem No. 9. destroys the tower, but Aya along with her colleague Rupert, who has been at the scene before she arrives, escape in a police helicopter.
After a brief interlude, the next chapter finds Aya in the desert town of Dryfield. It is nothing more than a truck-stop on a seldom used highway, with a motel, garage and diner but little else. Upon arriving, she finds that Dryfield too is infested with NMCs. She later encounters a survivor (Mr. Douglas) and his dog, Flint, who will act as her source of news and equipment for much of the game. She later rescues Kyle Madigan, a private investigator who claims he is on a mission similar to Aya's. He tells her about 'The Shelter', a nearby underground facility that may hold the answers to the recent outbreak of NMCs.
After spending some time in Dryfield, Aya and Kyle find an entrance to the shelter located in an abandoned mine. They part company and she proceeds to investigate the shelter alone. As Aya explores the shelter she discovers that the ANMCs are the result of genetic engineering in an attempt to artificially create superior life-forms, and that in some way she is closely involved. The game's storyline unfolds through various animated cut scenes that appear at regular intervals when plot points are triggered; one of these reveals that the ANMCs were created from her own DNA.
Eventually Aya discovers the game's fourth and final area, the Neo-Ark (Shambala in the Japanese version), the entrance to which is concealed in the shelter. She finds out that the Ark facility was intended to be a showcase of ANMC technology, divided into different habitats, with zoo-like visitor commentaries and viewing platforms throughout the area. Habitat containment has broken down and the ANMCs are loose. This area is now infested with the creatures too. The goal in this area is for Aya to disable the power generator, which allows access to an area that could not be reached in the shelter. Returning to the shelter, and reunited with Kyle, Aya rescues a girl that has been manipulated into controlling the hostile NMCs. She also finds out that the girl, Eve, was created from her own DNA, making her, in a sense, Aya's daughter. Eve is later kidnapped by No. 9.
Returning to the shelter entrance, Aya encounters a small army of Golems, but is rescued by the US Marines, who have been alerted by Aya's contacts at MIST. She later receives a gift from Mr. Douglas, via Flint, of supplies. She decides to use Flint to help her find Eve, giving him Eve's bear to let him track her scent. He leads her back into the shelter. Aya tracks Eve down to a room containing an enormous cocoon, to find No. 9 incorporating Eve into it. Kyle is there as well; apparently helping No. 9. Kyle eventually turns on No. 9, preventing him from placing Eve into the cocoon. After a cut scene showing a satellite weapon being fired per the President's orders, and Dryfield being wiped off the map, Aya and Kyle find themselves separated by a hole that has penetrated all the shelter's floors. She looks down to see Eve hanging onto a piece of debris on the edge of one of the lower levels.
Eventually, the cocoon breaks open having been dislodged by the impact of the weapon, revealing the largest NMC in the game. After defeating this creature, Eve herself transforms into a very fast and powerful winged NMC that resembles Melissa Pearce-Eve's second to last form from the first game. Again Aya must fight. Once this final battle is concluded, various cut scenes are shown depending on the actions of the player during the game.The good ending being Aya adopting Eve as her sister with help from MIST. Putlocker the mummy 2017 full movie. One year later, Pierce gives them 2 tickets to the American Natural History Museum in NY where they meet Kyle Madigan again.
Development[edit]
Development of Parasite Eve II was handled by Square, developers of the original Parasite Eve.[2] The game was directed and written by Kenichi Iwao, who had previously worked in those roles for the 1996 survival horror game Resident Evil. Due to its popularity at the time, Square decided to design a new Parasite Eve game which emulated that style.[3] The game was originally intended to be a spin-off of the first game with Kyle as the main protagonist; this was the main reason for the shift in genre and gameplay. During development, it was decided to turn the game into an official sequel to Parasite Eve, making Aya the main protagonist and removing Kyle as a playable character.[4] Production was handled by an entirely new development team based on Osaka.[2] The staff included several former Resident Evil staff members.[3] Using feedback from the original game, the team decreased and smoothed the transition between exploration and battle, and adjusted the controls to be more user-friendly.[2] The character of Aya had been created for Parasite Eve by the producer Hironobu Sakaguchi, and designed by artist Tetsuya Nomura. Her design in Parasite Eve II was to have been handled by a different artist, using her original design as a template. While most of the design was finalized, the designer quit halfway through the game's development, and Nomura was called in again. As the in-game model had already been created, he preserved what had already been done while adding touches of his own.[5]
Music[edit]
The score for Parasite Eve II was composed by Naoshi Mizuta and arranged by Hiroshi Nakajima. It took Mizuta a year and a half to compose the soundtrack.[6] He states he was given quite a bit of freedom in his composition, and drew most of his influence from watching the game's already completed scenario.[6] The game's music is depicted as being much more ambient than its predecessor. The sound effects of Parasite Eve II were influenced by futuristic and sci-fi themes.[7][8] The 66-track two-disc Parasite Eve II Original Soundtrack was released by DigiCube on December 20, 1999, in Japan. The soundtrack was released in North America by Tokyopop on September 12, 2000.[6][9]
Release[edit]
Parasite Eve II was released in Japan on December 16, 1999.[10] It was released in North America on September 12, 2000, and in Europe on August 25, 2000. The game sold over 220,000 copies in Japan during 1999.[11] It broke the one million unit sales mark by February 2004, with 0.43 million sold in Japan and 0.66 million sold in the rest of the world.[12] In late 2000, the game was re-released as part of the Square Millennium Collection along with a figure of Aya and a portrait of her character model, Yumiko Shaku.[13] The game was re-released as part of the PSone Books best-seller line by Sony in Japan in 2002.[14]
In early September 2010, posts made on Twitter in relation to the spin-off title The 3rd Birthday suggested that Parasite Eve 1 and 2 would be added to the PlayStation Network's game download service. On October 28 these rumors were proven to be correct, with Parasite Eve being given a November 4 release date and Parasite Eve 2 arriving on the PlayStation Network in Japan on November 24. Parasite Eve II was released on the North American PlayStation Network on August 23, 2011.[15]
Reception[edit]
Parasite Game
Parasite Eve II received 'generally favorable' reviews, according to review aggregatorMetacritic.[16]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parasite_Eve_II&oldid=898092371'
Parasyte (Japanese: å¯çç£Hepburn: KiseijÅ«, lit. 'Parasitic Beasts') is a science fictionhorrormanga series written and illustrated by Hitoshi Iwaaki and published in Kodansha's Afternoon magazine from 1988 to 1995. The manga was published in North America by first Tokyopop, then Del Rey, and finally Kodansha Comics. The manga has been adapted into two live-action films in Japan in 2014 and 2015. An anime television series adaptation by Madhouse, titled Parasyte -the maxim- (å¯çç£ ã»ã¤ã®æ ¼çKiseijÅ« Sei no Kakuritsu), aired in Japan between October 2014 and March 2015.[4] The English-language dub aired on Adult Swim's Toonami block in America between October 2015 and April 2016.
Plot[edit]
A manga panel showing a Parasite getting ready to attack a human being.
Parasyte centers on a male 17-year-old high school student named Shinichi Izumi, who lives with his mother and father in a quiet neighborhood in Tokyo, Japan. One night, strange worm-like creatures with drills as a 'head' called Parasytes appear on Earth, taking over the brains of human hosts by entering through their ears or noses. One Parasite attempts to crawl into Shinichi's nose while he sleeps, but fails as Shinichi wakes up, and enters his body by burrowing into his arm instead. In the Japanese version, it takes over his right hand and is named Migi (ãã®ã¼), after the Japanese word for 'right'; Tokyopop's 1990s English version, in which the images are flipped horizontally, has the Parasite take over Shinichi's left hand and it is named Lefty.
Because Shinichi was able to prevent Migi from travelling further up into his brain, both beings retain their separate intellect and personality. As the duo encounter other Parasites, they capitalize on their strange situation and gradually form a strong bond, working together to survive. This gives them an edge in battling other Parasites who frequently attack the pair upon realization that Shinichi's human brain is still intact. Shinichi feels compelled to fight other Parasites, who devour humans as food, while enlisting Migi's help.
Characters[edit]Main characters[edit]
Humans[edit]
Parasites[edit]
The antagonists of the series. The Parasites are creatures of unknown origin which start off as worm-like creatures that instinctively enter the body of the nearest life form and travel to the brain to completely assimilate it while destroying the host's identity in the process. From there, using the vital organs of the host bodies to survive, the Parasites would be driven with a need to kill humans and Parasites with failed host bodies. After assimilating their host, Parasites exhibit a variety of abilities that make them dangerous adversaries: the immediate area around their entry site (typically the head) is morphed into a versatile 'parasite tissue' which can take a variety of offensive and defensive forms, and a parasite that successfully takes over a host's brain can then maximize the physical potential of that host. In general, Parasite intelligence is comparable to humans, though their thought process is strictly rational and cold, with very little emotion. They are also capable of learning extremely quickly depending on their environment - Migi, for example, mastered Japanese after one night of reading books on the subject. While most Parasites initially acted alone, causing a chain of multiple grisly deaths coined the 'mincemeat murders', they eventually form groups for safety in numbers. By the time of the final chapter, Shinichi speculating that they might have been created as an evolutionary countermeasure to humans, the surviving Parasites are assumed to have gone into hiding and adopt themselves further into human society to keep their activities to a minimum.
Parasite GameNames in Tokyopop publication[edit]
In the Tokyopop publication the main character's name was Shin and his hand was called 'Lefty', as the image had been flipped to read left to right.[10] Satomi Murano is Sara. Jaw, Uda's Parasite, is referred to as Jaws, in reference to the film Jaws by Steven Spielberg. Reiko is known as Tamara Rockford in the Tokyopop version.[11] GotÅ's name was written without a macron.
Development[edit]
Iwaaki chose a high school setting due to a scene he had thought of. When considering a scene where Migi turns his shape into a penis in front of Satomi Murano, Iwaaki believed that the scene would work best in a high school setting, so Iwaaki gave Parasyte a high school setting.[12]
Media[edit]Manga[edit]
Parasyte was originally serialized in Japan in the Morning Open ZÅkan[13] from 1988 and switched to Afternoon after a few issues in 1990.[13] It was collected into ten tankÅbon volumes by Kodansha, and was later republished in eight kanzenban volumes. It was originally licensed for English translation and North American distribution by Tokyopop, which published the series over 12 volumes. The Tokyopop version ran in Mixxzine.[citation needed] Daily pages from the Tokyopop version ran in the Japanimation Station, a service accessible to users of America Online.[14] The Tokyopop English-language manga went out of print on May 2, 2005.[15]Del Rey Manga later acquired the rights to the series,[16] and published eight volumes following the kanzenban release. Kodansha Comics later republished the volumes in North America between 2011 and 2012. Two tribute manga volumes (Neo Parasyte m and Neo Parasyte f) collecting short stories by various authors vere published in 2015 and 2016 (2016 and 2017 in English).
Live-action films[edit]
Hollywood's New Line Cinema had acquired the film rights to Parasyte in 2005,[17] and a film adaptation was reported to be in the works, with Jim Henson Studios and Don Murphy allegedly in charge of production.[18] New Line Cinema's option expired in 2013, prompting a bidding war in Japan. Film studio and distributor Toho won the rights, and decided to adapt the manga into a two-part live-action film series directed by Takashi Yamazaki. The first part, Parasyte: Part 1, was released in November 2014 and the second part, Parasyte: Part 2, was released in April 2015.[19]
Anime[edit]
An anime television series adaptation by Madhouse titled Parasyte -the maxim- (å¯çç£ ã»ã¤ã®æ ¼çKiseijÅ« Sei no Kakuritsu) aired in Japan on NTV between October 9, 2014 and March 26, 2015.[20] The series follows Shinichi Izumi, a high school boy whose right hand becomes possessed by an alien Parasite named Migi, finding himself in a battle against other Parasites who feast on other humans. The series was simulcast by Crunchyroll outside of Asia and by Animax Asia in Southeast Asia and South Asia.[21][22][23]Sentai Filmworks has licensed the anime for North America, South America, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand release.[24] UK Distributor Animatsu Entertainment will release the series in the UK.[25] In Australia and New Zealand, Hanabee has acquired the series and will release it within the region.[26] The opening theme song is 'Let Me Hear' performed by Fear, and loathing in Las Vegas. The ending theme is 'It's the Right Time' performed by Daichi Miura. At Anime Expo 2015, Sentai Filmworks announced that the anime would run on Adult Swim's Toonami block on October 3, 2015.[27][28] The English dub, provided and distributed by Sentai Filmworks, has been released on DVD and Blu-ray in two parts, with Part 1 (Episodes 1â12) on April 5, 2016 and Part 2 (Episodes 13â24) on July 5, 2016.
Reception[edit]
The series won the Kodansha Manga Award for general manga in 1993. It also won the Seiun Award for being the best manga of the year in 1996.[29] The live action film Parasyte: Part 1 had grossed around ¥800 million at the Japanese box office after two weeks.[30]
China ban[edit]
On June 12, 2015, the Chinese Ministry of Culture listed Parasyte among 38 anime and manga titles banned in China.[31]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
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